Aleksandra Boutin and Benoit Coeuré opened the conference by addressing the key issues shaping today’s competition policy debate. The discussions centred around emerging challenges in the competition landscape, highlighting the evolving relationship between competition and industrial policies, the synergy between public and private enforcement, the merits of the effects-based approach, and the complexities of new regulations including FDI screenings and the EU Foreign Subsidies Regulation. Their discussion emphasized the need for coordinated efforts among authorities, experts and businesses, which is at the core of Positive Competition’s values.